Ikirere nikihe


Nkuko twabivuze, ibyuma byikirere byitwa kandi ikirere. Muri make, uzasanga iki cyuma ari ikirango cya sosiyete yo muri Amerika ikora ibyuma. Ikibazo cyibikoresho byo kubaka nuko mugihe kinini usanga akenshi usanga urwego rwingese. Nubwo wagerageza kubihagarika bingana iki, bizinjira. Niyo mpamvu Steel yo muri Amerika yazanye igitekerezo. Mugutanga ibikoresho binogeye ijisho, bazashobora kubuza urwo rwego rwumukungugu. Ntabwo aribyo gusa, binarinda ibyuma kwangirika kurushaho. Ntugomba rero guhangayikishwa no gushushanya buri gihe.


Mugihe rero byose bisa nkibyiza cyane kuba impamo, ugomba no gushyira ibintu muburyo bufatika. Ibi ni ukubera ko mugihe ingese zizakomeza kwiyongera, ibyuma bizabyimba udashaka guhagarara neza. Nyuma yo kugera kumeneka, ibyuma bisobekeranye hanyuma bigomba gusimburwa. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kuzirikana itandukaniro ryibidukikije mugihe uhisemo ubu bwoko bwibyuma.

Nigute ikirere gikora?

Byose cyangwa byinshi-byoroheje-ibyuma byangiza ingese bitewe nuko hari umwuka nubushuhe. Igipimo ibi bibaho bizaterwa no guhura n’amazi, ogisijeni n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikubita hejuru. Mugihe inzira igenda itera imbere, ingese ya ruste ikora inzitizi ibuza umwanda, amazi na ogisijeni gutembera. Ibi bizafasha kandi gutinza inzira yo kwangirika kurwego runaka. Igihe kirenze, iki gipimo cyangiritse nacyo gitandukanya nicyuma. Nkuko uzashobora kubyumva, iyi ni cycle yo gusubiramo.

Kubijyanye nicyuma, ariko, ibintu bikora muburyo butandukanye. Mugihe inzira yo kubora izatangira rwose muburyo bumwe, iterambere rizaba ritandukanye gato. Ibi ni ukubera ko ibintu bivanga mubyuma bikora urwego ruhamye rw ingese ifatanye nicyuma fatizo. Ibi bizafasha gukora inzitizi yo gukingira kugirango hirindwe ko hajyaho ubuhehere, ogisijeni n’ibihumanya. Nkigisubizo, uzashobora kubona igipimo cyo hasi cyane cyangirika kuruta kuboneka hamwe nibyuma bisanzwe byubatswe.

Metallurgie yicyuma cyikirere (ibyuma byikirere)


Itandukaniro ryibanze ushobora gusanga hagati yicyuma gisanzwe cyubatswe nikirere ni ugushiramo umuringa, chromium na nikel alloy element. Ibi bizafasha kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Kurundi ruhande, iyo ibyuma bisanzwe byubatswe hamwe nibipimo bifatika byibyuma byikirere bigereranijwe, ibindi bintu byose bisa nkibisanzwe cyangwa bike.


ASTM A 242


Azwi kandi nkumwimerere A 242 alloy, ifite imbaraga zumusaruro wa 50 kSi (340 Mpa) nimbaraga za tensile zingana na 70 kSi (480 Mpa) kumiterere yoroheje kandi yoroheje. Kubijyanye n'amasahani, birashobora kuba bitatu bya kane bya santimetero imwe. Mubyongeyeho, ifite imbaraga zanyuma za 67 ksi, umusaruro utanga 46 ksi, nubunini bwa plaque kuva kuri 0,75 kugeza 1 muri.

Imbaraga ntangarugero nimbaraga zitanga amasahani manini cyane hamwe na profili ni 63 kSi na 42 kSi.


Kubijyanye nicyiciro cyacyo, urashobora kubisanga muburyo bwa 1 na 2. Nkuko izina ribivuga, byose bizakoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, bitewe nubunini bwabyo. Kubireba ubwoko bwa 1, bukoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi, amazu yimiturire, namakamyo. Naho ibyuma byo mu bwoko bwa 2, bizwi kandi nka Corten B, bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri crane zitwara abagenzi cyangwa amato, hamwe nibikoresho byo mumijyi.

ASTM A 588


Hamwe nimbaraga zingana zingana na 70 ksi kandi zitanga imbaraga byibura 50 ksi, uzasanga iki cyuma cyikirere muburyo bwose buzungurutse. Kubijyanye n'ubunini bw'isahani, iyi yaba ifite santimetero 4. Ultimate tensile imbaraga byibuze 67 kSI kubisahani byibura santimetero 4 kugeza kuri 5. Ultimate tensile imbaraga byibura 63 ksi kandi itanga imbaraga byibura 42 ksi kuri plaque 5 - kugeza 8.