E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila welu i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā papahana, no laila he aha nā hana kila kaulana kaulana? Ma lalo iho nei mākou e papa inoa i kekahi no kāu kuhikuhi a hoʻomaopopo hou aku i kēia kila.

Hoʻohana waho

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kila weathering i ke kiʻi kiʻi waho. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nui ka Barclays Center ma Brooklyn, New York, a me ka Center for the Arts and Humanities ma Leeds Metropolitan University. Aia kekahi mau kiʻi kālai kila kaulana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi Picasso ma Chicago

Barclays Center Leeds Beckett University

Hale Hoolaha Lae Akau. A laila.

Alahaka, hale

Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā Bridges a me nā noi hoʻolālā nui ʻē aʻe. E komo pū kekahi me ka Australian Center for Contemporary Art a me ka George River Bridge hou.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Corten steel he mea hale kaulana no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ipu multimodal, ka lawe ʻana i ka moana, a me ka puʻu pepa ʻike ʻia. Hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia kēia ma ke alanui M25 i hoʻonui ʻia nei ma Lākana.

I ka wā e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻohana i ke kila welu

ʻO ka hoʻohana mua ʻia ʻana o ke kila ʻino i ka makahiki 1971, i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai e ka St. Louis Motor Company e hana i nā kaʻa uila Highliner. ʻO ke kumu o kēia e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila maʻamau. ʻO ka mea pōʻino naʻe, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā puka ʻōpala i nā kaʻa, ʻaʻole i kūpono ka lōʻihi o ke kila e like me nā mea i manaʻo ʻia. Ma ka nānā hou ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi i ka pilikia. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻaʻole pale i ka ʻino e like me ke kila maʻamau. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia e hana i kahi pale pale ma ke kila. I ka makahiki 2016, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau kaʻa no ka maikaʻi.

Ke kila waho kiʻekiʻe

ʻO kekahi wahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i ke kila weathering i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka hoʻolālā waho a me ka hoʻolālā ʻāina. Ua ʻike ʻia he mea kaulana loa ia no ka mea ua hana ʻia ia me kahi huila i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka corrosion pale ponoʻī ma luna o ka ʻili. Paʻa ka insulating vertan i ka corrosion, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ke aniani a pena. Eia hou,ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino i ka ikaika o ke kila.


Ua makemake nui ʻia ke kila welu e nā mea kālai ʻāina ma muli o kona maʻalahi. ʻO ia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka mamao o nā pōmaikaʻi ma mua o ko lākou hue pumehana. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia ma ke ʻano o nā papa a me nā lau. Ma muli o kona hui pū ʻana o ka lōʻihi a me ka ikaika, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka mānoanoa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kūlana i hoʻopōʻino ʻia nā paia ʻiʻo i ke kaiapuni a ʻaʻole kūpono paha. ʻO ka waiho wale ʻana, ʻaʻohe palena o ka versatility o ke kila weathering, i kaupalena ʻia e ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻolālā.


Ma muli o kona ʻono ʻenehana i waena o ke kenekulia a me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonani ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ke kila weluwelu e komo maʻalahi i nā hoʻolālā māla kūlohelohe o kēia wā. No ka mea, me he mea lā he ʻōniʻoniʻo a nani hoʻi ke kila, hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā paia paʻa, hiki iā ia ke ʻae i ke ʻano maoli o ka māla e puka mai. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui nā koho likeʻole e hiki keʻimi i kēia kūlana.